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C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

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Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:00:43+00:00
by 擎天殿
十、HTTP验证

在使用HTTP协议时，客户端有很多种方式向服务器提供验证信息。默认的 HTTP验证方法是"Basic”，它将用户名与密码以明文的方式、经Base64编码后保存在HTTP请求头中，发往服务器。当然这不太安全。

当前版本的libcurl支持的验证方法有：basic, Digest, NTLM, Negotiate, GSS-Negotiate and SPNEGO。（译者感叹：搞Web这么多年，尽然不知道这些Http的验证方式，实在惭愧。）可以通过CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH属性来设置具体 的验证方式：

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    curl_easy_setopt(easy_handle, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_DIGEST);
向代理服务器发送验证信息时，可以通过CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH设置验证方式：

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    curl_easy_setopt(easy_handle, CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH, CURLAUTH_NTLM);
也可以同时设置多种验证方式（通过按位与）， 使用‘CURLAUTH_ANY‘将允许libcurl可以选择任何它所支持的验证方式。通过CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH或 CURLOPT_PROXYAUTH属性设置的多种验证方式，libcurl会在运行时选择一种它认为是最好的方式与服务器通信：

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    curl_easy_setopt(easy_handle, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_DIGEST|CURLAUTH_BASIC);
    // curl_easy_setopt(easy_handle, CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, CURLAUTH_ANY);

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:01:42+00:00
by 擎天殿
十一、代码示例
下载的libcurl中自带了很多示例代码，在 docs\examples 目录下，建议下载该库后好好阅读一下这些代码。
libcurl 的 API 文档在 docs\libcurl\index.html 中。

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:02:43+00:00
by 擎天殿
1.基本的http GET/POST操作

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
bool getUrl(char *filename)
{
    CURL *curl;
    CURLcode res;
    FILE *fp;
    if ((fp = fopen(filename, "w")) == NULL)  // 返回结果用文件存储
        return false;
    struct curl_slist *headers = NULL;
    headers = curl_slist_append(headers, "Accept: Agent-007");
    curl = curl_easy_init();    // 初始化
    if (curl)
    {
        //curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, "10.99.60.201:8080");// 代理
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, headers);// 改协议头
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL,"http://www.baidu.com");
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp); //将返回的http头输出到fp指向的文件
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, fp); //将返回的html主体数据输出到fp指向的文件
        res = curl_easy_perform(curl);   // 执行
        if (res != 0) {

            curl_slist_free_all(headers);
            curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
        }
        fclose(fp);
        return true;
    }
}
bool postUrl(char *filename)
{
    CURL *curl;
    CURLcode res;
    FILE *fp;
    if ((fp = fopen(filename, "w")) == NULL)
        return false;
    curl = curl_easy_init();
    if (curl)
    {
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, "/tmp/cookie.txt"); // 指定cookie文件
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, "&logintype=uid&u=xieyan&psw=xxx86");    // 指定post内容
        //curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROXY, "10.99.60.201:8080");
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, " http://mail.sina.com.cn/cgi-bin/login.cgi ");   // 指定url
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, fp);
        res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
        curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
    }
    fclose(fp);
    return true;
}
int main(void)
{
    getUrl("/tmp/get.html");
    postUrl("/tmp/post.html");
}

编译

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gcc  get_post.c  -o get_post –lcurl
./ get_post

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:04:55+00:00
by 擎天殿
2 获取html网页

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#include <stdio.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    CURL *curl;             //定义CURL类型的指针
CURLcode res;           //定义CURLcode类型的变量，保存返回状态码
    if(argc!=2)
    {
        printf("Usage : file <url>;\n");
        exit(1);
    }
 
    curl = curl_easy_init();        //初始化一个CURL类型的指针
    if(curl!=NULL)
    {
        //设置curl选项. 其中CURLOPT_URL是让用户指 定url. argv[1]中存放的命令行传进来的网址
        curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);        
        //调用curl_easy_perform 执行我们的设置.并进行相关的操作. 在这 里只在屏幕上显示出来.
        res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
        //清除curl操作.
        curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
    }
    return 0;
}

编译

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gcc  get_http.c  -o get_http –lcurl
调用：

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./ get_http www.timeline.menu

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:06:52+00:00
by 擎天殿
3 网页下载保存实例

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// 采用CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION 实现网页下载保存功能
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
 
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <curl/types.h>
#include <curl/easy.h>
 
FILE *fp;  //定义FILE类型指针
//这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION而构造的
//完成数据保存功能
size_t write_data(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)  
{
    int written = fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, (FILE *)fp);
    return written;
}
 
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    CURL *curl;
 
    curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);  
    curl=curl_easy_init();
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, argv[1]);  
 
    if((fp=fopen(argv[2],"w"))==NULL)
    {
        curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
        exit(1);
    }
////CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION 将后继的动作交给write_data函数处理
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, write_data);  
    curl_easy_perform(curl);
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
    exit(0);
}

编译

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gcc  save_http.c  -o save_http –lcurl
调用

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./save_http www.timeline.menu ~/Downloads/

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:08:19+00:00
by 擎天殿
4 进度条实例显示文件下载进度

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// 采用CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS， CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION    CURLOPT_PROGRESSDATA 实现文件传输进度提示功能
//函数采用了gtk库，故编译时需指定gtk库
//函数启动专门的线程用于显示gtk 进度条bar
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gtk/gtk.h>
#include <curl/curl.h>
#include <curl/types.h> /* new for v7 */
#include <curl/easy.h> /* new for v7 */
 
GtkWidget *Bar;
////这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION而构造的
//完成数据保存功能
size_t my_write_func(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)
{
  return fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream);
}
//这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_READFUNCTION而构造的
//数据上传时使用
size_t my_read_func(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, FILE *stream)
{
  return fread(ptr, size, nmemb, stream);
}
//这个函数是为了符合CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION而构造的
//显示文件传输进度，t代表文件大小，d代表传 输已经完成部分
int my_progress_func(GtkWidget *bar,
                     double t, /* dltotal */
                     double d, /* dlnow */
                     double ultotal,
                     double ulnow)
{
/*  printf("%d / %d (%g %%)\n", d, t, d*100.0/t);*/
  gdk_threads_enter();
  gtk_progress_set_value(GTK_PROGRESS(bar), d*100.0/t);
  gdk_threads_leave();
  return 0;
}
 
void *my_thread(void *ptr)
{
  CURL *curl;
  CURLcode res;
  FILE *outfile;
  gchar *url = ptr;
 
  curl = curl_easy_init();
  if(curl)
  {
    outfile = fopen("test.curl", "w");
 
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, url);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, outfile);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, my_write_func);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, my_read_func);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 0L);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROGRESSFUNCTION, my_progress_func);
    curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_PROGRESSDATA, Bar);
 
    res = curl_easy_perform(curl);
 
    fclose(outfile);
    /* always cleanup */
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl);
  }
 
  return NULL;
}
 
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  GtkWidget *Window, *Frame, *Frame2;
  GtkAdjustment *adj;
 
  /* Must initialize libcurl before any threads are started */
  curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
 
  /* Init thread */
  g_thread_init(NULL);
 
  gtk_init(&argc, &argv);
  Window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL);
  Frame = gtk_frame_new(NULL);
  gtk_frame_set_shadow_type(GTK_FRAME(Frame), GTK_SHADOW_OUT);
  gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(Window), Frame);
  Frame2 = gtk_frame_new(NULL);
  gtk_frame_set_shadow_type(GTK_FRAME(Frame2), GTK_SHADOW_IN);
  gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(Frame), Frame2);
  gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(Frame2), 5);
  adj = (GtkAdjustment*)gtk_adjustment_new(0, 0, 100, 0, 0, 0);
  Bar = gtk_progress_bar_new_with_adjustment(adj);
  gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(Frame2), Bar);
  gtk_widget_show_all(Window);
 
  if (!g_thread_create(&my_thread, argv[1], FALSE, NULL) != 0)
    g_warning("can't create the thread");
 
 
  gdk_threads_enter();
  gtk_main();
  gdk_threads_leave();
  return 0;
}

编译

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export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig/
gcc progress.c –o progress ` pkg-config --libs –cflags gtk+-2..0` -lcurl –lgthread-2.0
调用

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./progress  http://software.sky-union.cn/index.asp

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T09:09:58+00:00
by 擎天殿
5 断点续传实例

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//采用CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE 实现文件断点续传功能
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
 
#include <curl/curl.h>
//这个函数为CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION参数构造
/* 从http头部获取文件size*/
size_t getcontentlengthfunc(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream) {
       int r;
       long len = 0;
 
       /* _snscanf() is Win32 specific */
       // r = _snscanf(ptr, size * nmemb, "Content-Length: %ld\n", &len);
 r = sscanf(ptr, "Content-Length: %ld\n", &len);
       if (r) /* Microsoft: we don't read the specs */
              *((long *) stream) = len;
 
       return size * nmemb;
}
 
/* 保存下载文件 */
size_t wirtefunc(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
{
        return fwrite(ptr, size, nmemb, stream);
}
 
/*读取上传文件 */
size_t readfunc(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *stream)
{
       FILE *f = stream;
       size_t n;
 
       if (ferror(f))
              return CURL_READFUNC_ABORT;
 
       n = fread(ptr, size, nmemb, f) * size;
 
       return n;
}
 
// 下载 或者上传文件函数
int download(CURL *curlhandle, const char * remotepath, const char * localpath,
           long timeout, long tries)
{
       FILE *f;
       curl_off_t local_file_len = -1 ;
       long filesize =0 ;
       
       CURLcode r = CURLE_GOT_NOTHING;
       int c;
  struct stat file_info;
  int use_resume = 0;
  /* 得到本地文件大小 */
  //if(access(localpath,F_OK) ==0)
  
    if(stat(localpath, &file_info) == 0) 
     {
        local_file_len =  file_info.st_size;
        use_resume  = 1;
      }
  //采用追加方式打开文件，便于实现文件断点续传工作
       f = fopen(localpath, "ab+"); 
       if (f == NULL) {
              perror(NULL);
              return 0;
       }
 
       //curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_UPLOAD, 1L);
 
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_URL, remotepath);
 
              curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT, timeout);  // 设置连接超时，单位秒
       //设置http 头部处理函数
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, getcontentlengthfunc);
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &filesize);
 // 设置文件续传的位置给libcurl
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_RESUME_FROM_LARGE, use_resume?local_file_len:0);
 
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, f);
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, wirtefunc);
 
       //curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, readfunc);
       //curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_READDATA, f);
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L);
       curl_easy_setopt(curlhandle, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, 1L);
  
  
  r = curl_easy_perform(curlhandle);
       
 
       fclose(f);
 
       if (r == CURLE_OK)
              return 1;
       else {
              fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", curl_easy_strerror(r));
              return 0;
       }
}
 
int main(int c, char **argv) {
       CURL *curlhandle = NULL;
 
       curl_global_init(CURL_GLOBAL_ALL);
       curlhandle = curl_easy_init();
 
       //download(curlhandle, "ftp://user:pass@host/path/file", "C:\\file", 0, 3);
  download(curlhandle , "http://software.sky-union.cn/index.asp","/work/index.asp",1,3);
       curl_easy_cleanup(curlhandle);
       curl_global_cleanup();
 
       return 0;
}

编译

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gcc  resume.c  -o resume –lcurl
调用

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./resume

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T10:20:24+00:00
by 擎天殿
https://github.com/curl/curl/blob/master/docs/examples/simple.c

https://curl.se/libcurl/c/CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION.html

Re: C++ 用libcurl库进行http通讯网络编程

Posted: 2025-09-25T10:21:42+00:00
by 擎天殿
https://curl.se/libcurl/c/example.html

https://curl.se/libcurl/c/easy_setopt_options.html

https://github.com/curl/curl/tree/master/docs/examples
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